PDF/A Conversion and Validation — For Theses, Tenders, and Long‑Term Archiving
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PDF/A Conversion and Validation — For Theses, Tenders, and Long‑Term Archiving

What PDF/A is, when you need it, differences between levels (A‑1b/A‑2u, etc.), step‑by‑step conversion from regular PDF, common failures, and validation tips.

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Many submissions for tenders, theses, and archives require PDF/A. It’s a “long‑term preservation friendly” profile focused on self‑containment and reproducibility (embedded fonts, color management, no external dependencies). Here’s the why, how, and how to fix issues.

One‑click: convert PDF to PDF/A

  1. Open PDF/A Conversion
  2. Upload your PDF and choose a target level (commonly A‑1b or A‑2u)
  3. Download the PDF/A and verify it in the target system

Which level to pick?

  • A‑1b: basic and widely accepted, focusing on visual reproducibility; common for archiving/tendering.
  • A‑2u: based on A‑2 with a requirement for searchable/copyable Unicode text — ideal when text searchability matters.

Typical reasons for failure / rejection

  1. Fonts not embedded or missing glyphs
  2. External dependencies (media/scripts/form links)
  3. Transparency/layers not allowed by older levels (e.g., A‑1b is stricter)
  4. Color spaces or ICC profiles missing/invalid

Practical fixes

  • Flatten interactive elements:
    Flatten PDF to solidify annotations/forms and remove scripts/dynamic parts.
  • Simplify complex vectors:
    Rasterize PDF before converting (trade some fidelity for compliance).
  • Unify page sizes and resolution:
    Resize Pages for more consistent output across systems.
  • If the file is too large:
    Compress PDF to balance readability and size.

Digital signatures and PDF/A

Conversion/flattening may invalidate existing signatures. If signatures are required, consider a “finalize → protect/flatten → sign last” sequence, or provide both a protected review copy and a to‑be‑signed version.

When PDF/A is required

  • Academic submissions (school/journal/conference requirements)
  • Government/enterprise tenders, project archives, contract archiving
  • Legal/accounting documents needing long‑term reproducibility

Trade‑offs with PDF/A

PDF/A favors reproducibility and self‑containment, sometimes at the cost of interactivity. Confirm the exact level required (A‑1b/A‑2u/A‑3b, etc.) before submission.

Validation tips and submission checklist

  • Pre‑check in the target system. If it flags fonts/transparency/external links, address them as above and reconvert.
  • For searchable‑text requirements, ensure the source has a text layer (or run OCR to Searchable) and then choose A‑2u.
  • Preserve readability for long‑term access — avoid extreme compression that hampers legibility.

PDF/A Conversion and Validation — For Theses, Tenders, and Long‑Term Archiving - Dpdf